Education in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

Training in the Philippines Essay 1. Refer to at any rate three goals of the 1992 EDCOM, 1998 PESS and 1998 PCER. The three developments to the Philippine instruction framework had these basic destinations: * To present curricular change curricular changes in the school association * To research the methods of conveyance, strategy structures, and academic ways of thinking and prescribe improvement thereof * To adjust education’s modalities to the necessities of the occasions 2. What are the normal discoveries and suggestions of the three examinations led corresponding to the Philippine instruction framework? A. Basic Findings I. High dropout rates particularly in provincial regions ii. Dominance of understudies in significant capabilities as appeared in accomplishment levels iii. Significant levels of basic proficiency among 15-multi year-olds and 15+ year-olds iv. Most elevated reiteration rate in Grade I v. Youngsters were commonly impaired by genuine lacks in their own constitution and in the abilities they expected to effectively experience the assimilation of learning B. Proposals I. Tri-centralization in the administration of oversight of fundamental training, specialized professional instruction, and tertiary training ii. Guarantee satisfactory financing and improve the nature of fundamental instruction iii. Slow and turn around the heedless development of low-quality tertiary instruction iv. Give fair access to training at all levels so meriting family units and networks can profit by the arrangement of government funded instruction v. Improve generally speaking segment the executives through more noteworthy nearby investment and responsibility 3. Distinguish the activities taken by the concerned offices to react to the proposals of the investigations directed? Activities taken are the accompanying: * Congress sanctioned Republic Act 7722 that made the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) that is liable for advanced education * Congress ordered Republic Act 7796 that made the Technical Skills Development Authority (TESDA) which is compelled by a solemn obligation to regulate and oversee post-auxiliary and center level labor preparing and improvement * Congress instituted Republic Act 9155 that made the Department of Education (DepEd) that handles essential training (rudimentary and optional levels) * For a period, there was ban on the foundation of State Colleges and Universities (SCUs) * Tertiary instruction has been given decreased portion for Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) * Surveys on applied evaluation approachs and forms were directed * Republic Act 10029 (Philippine Psychology Act of 2009) was sanctioned into law that means to keep up the advancement of appraisal which is a piece of the administrations offered by analysts * Executive Order No. 46 built up the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform (PCER) that is a multi-sectoral body that characterized a complete and financial plan doable program of change in the instruction framework 4. Do the activities taken affect the weak Philippine instructive framework? Truly. From numerous points of view the activities taken by the individual organizations of the legislature have made effect on the Philippine instruction framework. For example, DepEd has now packed in fortifying the information and abilities of basic and optional level students so as to set them up to the more thorough life in tertiary training. Also, CHED has presented the accentuation of research in help to new showing strategies and has distinguished â€Å"Centers of Excellence† and â€Å"Centers of Development† among schools and colleges across the nation. At that point TESDA sharpens the aptitudes of center level labor that is required in the nation and abroad. Albeit much must be done at this point to make an environment of certifiable great Philippine training framework, an ever increasing number of activities have been embraced by the legislature to address the squeezing issues on decaying nature of instruction. Beside upgrading the skills of student.

Certified Public Accountant Essay Example for Free

Ensured Public Accountant Essay No piece of this distribution might be replicated, put away in a recovery framework or transmitted in any structure or using any and all means, electronic, mechanical, copying, recording, checking or something else, aside from as allowed under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the earlier composed consent of the Publisher, or approval through installment of the suitable per-duplicate expense to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. , 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, site www. copyright. com. Solicitations to the Publisher for consent ought to be routed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc. , 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 070305774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, site http://www. wiley. com/go/authorizations. To arrange books or for client care, if you don't mind call 1(800)- CALL-WILEY (225-5945). Imprinted in the United States of America. ISBN 978-0-470-87810-1 Ethical Decisions in Accounting Learning Objectives After contemplating this module you ought to have the option to: Understand the significance of morals Know the historical backdrop of morals in bookkeeping Incorporate morals into your choice procedure Know moral norms for bookkeeping experts Understand moral ramifications of the U. S.transition to IFRS Appreciate exercises gained from late business embarrassments. Segment 1 †THE IMPORTANCE OF Ethics is a significant piece of your bookkeeping instruction and it will assume an inexorably significant job in all parts of your expert life. This module is planned to give you an outline of the investigation of morals. It is a beginning stage for the conversation of morals that will proceed all through the entirety of your bookkeeping examines. We will start with a meaning of morals and afterward survey some moral hypotheses that give a structure to creating moral principles for bookkeeping understudies and experts. At last, we will talk about why morals is critical to you as you get ready for a profession in bookkeeping. Meaning OF ETHICS What precisely is morals? As indicated by Webster’s Dictionary morals is â€Å"a discipline managing great and abhorrent and moral obligation, and with moral standards and practice. † Accounting morals essentially includes applying moral standards to bookkeeping and business choices. Business morals is a progressively broad type of applied morals that relates moral standards to business circumstances. Business morals looks at conduct toward the outside world considering moral standards and business codes of morals. Moral Decisions in Accounting | 1 Simply put, morals is making the best choice. It is difficult to characterize morals since morals can be distinctive for various individuals. You have your very own qualities and these qualities are significant in the choices you make. At the point when you are ready to go you will be required to follow sets of accepted rules that are built up by your organization and by any expert affiliations that you have a place with. Keeping the moral guidelines of these associations is significant, however you ought to continually bring your very own qualities into your plan of action. Moral THEORIES Philosophers have created numerous hypotheses to give a system to settling on moral business choices. These hypotheses give a perspective to creating sets of principles for organizations and expert affiliations. Most moral codes in business depend on the accompanying good hypotheses: Rights hypothesis. The ethical decision is the decision that best secures and regards the ethical privileges of those engaged with a choice. This hypothesis recommends that people have a nobility that depends on their human instinct and their capacity to unreservedly pick what they do with their lives. Accordingly they reserve a privilege to be treated as finishes and not simply as intends to different closures. Utilitarian hypothesis. The moral activity is the activity that gives the most great or does the least mischief. The moral business activity is the one that delivers the best great and does minimal damage for all who are affected†business partners, for example, clients, representatives, investors, the network, and the earth. Normal great hypothesis. The connections of society are the premise of moral thinking and regard and empathy for others is the reason for moral choices. This hypothesis tends to the regular conditions that are imperative to the government assistance of everybody. Excellence hypothesis. Moral activities ought to be reliable with perfect temperances that accommodate the full advancement of humankind. Genuineness, fortitude, sympathy, liberality, resistance, love, constancy, trustworthiness, reasonableness, poise, and reasonability are instances of temperances. Decency hypothesis. Moral activities treat every single person genuinely dependent on some standard that is solid. We may pay individuals increasingly, in view of the trouble of their work or the more noteworthy sum that they add to an organization. Significance OF ETHICS Information gave by bookkeepers and reviewers is depended upon by individuals who settle on choices about organizations and associations. For instance, on the off chance that you are thinking about purchasing stock in an organization you need precise and solid data whereupon you can base your choice. Moneylenders, for example, banks and monetary establishments need solid data to decide whether they will credit cash to organizations. Government offices, for example, the Internal Revenue Service gather charges dependent on the money related data gave by organizations. Individuals depend on the bookkeepers who plan money related reports. Information on morals will assist you with making great choices that will give legitimate data to the individuals who depend on you. With appropriate data, better choices will be made. 2 | Ethical Decisions in Accounting Business choices can influence numerous individuals or partners. For instance, when you settle on a choice for your organization it can influence the proprietors and workers of the organization, banks who give assets to the organization, clients of the organization, and individuals in the network where the organization is found. Notwithstanding the impact of your choice on the benefits of the organization, your choice may likewise have other non-money related elements that effectsly affect partners. Imagine a scenario in which you were thinking about two elective undertakings for your organization: (1) a task that would make critical benefit for your organization and furthermore dirty the earth with hurtful synthetic compounds; (2) another venture that would gain less benefit yet would have no negative consequences for the earth and would not hurt any partners. Which task would you pick? Ought to non-monetary variables go into the choice procedure? In the event that you consider factors that are not financial just in nature, at that point how would you measure them? Frequently, the most significant factors in a choice are the ones that can't be effortlessly estimated. Since certain things can't be estimated effectively, nonetheless, doesn't imply that we ought not think about them in our choices. That is the primary concern about the significance of morals in accountingâ€an mindfulness that morals is a significant piece of business choices. We frequently utilize the money saving advantage choice model to assess business ventures. We list the expenses on one side and the advantages on the opposite side and the more noteworthy number regularly chooses the undertaking. On the off chance that the advantages are more prominent than the costs we acknowledge the venture; if the expenses surpass the advantages the task is dismissed. Where does morals fit into the procedure? More Profit Less Profit Ethical issues merit a spot in the costbenefit model. It is actually very simple†you consider the potential expenses and advantages of moral issues and spot them on the scale alongside different expenses and advantages. Since moral issues regularly are troublesome or difficult to quantify doesn't imply that they are not significant or that they ought not be considered in the choice. An increasingly moral choice is probably going to result if moral elements are in any event brought into the image when settling on business choices. Once more, attention to the moral ramifications of business choices is the way to great business choices. Not all choices utilize the money saving advantage model. A few choices include picking various blueprints, for example, recording bookkeeping exchanges when various options are accessible under sound accounting guidelines. You should pick the right activity as per the conditions in question, and not founded exclusively on the measure of benefit your organization can make. As the U. S. advances toward receiving universal bookkeeping guidelines, the bookkeeping direction will be founded more on standards than on explicit principles. The utilization of judgment will probably assume a progressively noticeable job in settling on bookkeeping decisions and moral standards will play a considerably increasingly significant job in business choices. Moral Decisions in Accounting | 3 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Before long you will move on from school and find a new line of work. What moral sets of accepted rules will you need to follow? By what method will your own qualities influence your business choices? What punishments are there for inability to adhere to moral norms? 2. Take a gander at the moral guidelines of the AICPA or the IMA remembered for area 4 of this module. What standards will direct you in settling on bookkeeping decisions? Segment 2 †THE HISTORY OF ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING In the wake of later, prominent bookkeeping embarrassments, you may imagine that morals is a moderately new theme to the field of bookkeeping. In reality, morals has been a significant piece of bookkeeping since strategies for keeping budgetary records picked up energy in the thirteenth century. A code of morals presently applies to all bookkeeping experts and morals has become a fundamental element of bookkeeping training. BRIEF HISTORY OF ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING Luca Pacioli, an Italian mathematician and Franciscan minister, depicted a strategy for keeping money related records in 1494 when he distributed his first book Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni, et Proportionalita (deciphered â€Å"everything about number-crunching, geome

Welcome Page Reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Welcome Page Reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is a reminder for admitted students to thoroughly review our Welcome Page for important information regarding enrollment.   Information on how to access the Welcome Page is included in the online admission letter.   We have been fielding questions in our email in box such as: When does Orientation start? Who can I contact about housing? Is it possible for me to interact with other admitted applicants? Can you help me with processing my visa? When will I get my student ID? My staff and I are experts is some matters, but other matters we leave to experts who are in charge of different departments and processes.   I hope that applicants can quickly find contact information and help on the Welcome Page, but if you have a question that you feel is not covered there please let us know and we will try to help you the best we are able.

Psychological Effects of Technology Addiction - 2362 Words

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ADDICTION Technology is taking over all aspects of life. Education, work and leisure are all becoming increasingly dependent on being able to interact with technology. But what of the academic or career prospects of those who do not want to interact with this technology? Before taking this English 305 class, I tried to avoid computers as much as possible. I didnt have any interest in cyberspace such as chatting, email, and gender swapping. Through this class, I had a chance to contact others through cyberspace. However, I still have a fear of computers. I decided that I want to know more about computers and cyberspace. I will first discuss cyberspace, then I will discuss about technophobia. Its well†¦show more content†¦Raubs (1981) early study reported that older people were more anxious than younger people. Other research indicates that the over fifties are less anxious than the under thirties, suggesting that far from reducing anxiety, computer experience can increase anxiety level s (Brosnan pg. 11). However, Anderson (1981), Elder et al. (1987) and Igbaria and Parasuraman (1989) have all found that age has a positive effect upon computer anxiety. As the diffusion of technology throughout many aspects of life has exposed virtually everyone to computerization, the relationship between anxiety, age and experience has become less clear. The only clear relationship between age and computer anxiety would therefore appear to be with respect to ones age when first interacting with a computer. I found a very interesting study, which shows the difference of psychological impact between male and female. Just as technophobia has been reported as affecting more females than males, computer addiction has been found to be almost exclusively a male phenomenon (Shotton, 1989). Brosnan (1995) identified that in a student population, male students first interaction with computers occurred significantly earlier than female students first interaction with computers. This is sign ificant as Todman and Monaghan (1994) report that early use of computers is associated with more favourable quality of initial experience, which leads to lower anxiety and greaterShow MoreRelatedOveruse Of Technology1369 Words   |  6 Pagesattached to technology the more advanced it gets. Some children spend more than five hours per day on hand held smart technology. This indicates that smart technology is one of the reasons that children don’t socialize like they used to in the past. Nowadays, parents allow young children to spend too much on screen time. Even though technology has both advantages and disadvantages in today’s life, exposing young children to technology at an early age results in many unnoticed negative psychological effectsRead MoreHow Does Internet Addiction Affect Different Aspects Of An Individual And The Brain?1700 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Internet Addiction affect different aspects of an individual and the brain? Internet Addiction Disor der, abbreviated as IAD, is defined loosely as a pattern of addictedness to the use of the internet (Mosher). Chao and Hsiao defined IAD as â€Å"an individual’s inability to control his or her use of the internet, which eventually causes psychological, social, school, and/or work difficulties in a person’s life† (Akhter). Many reports believe that an individual may rely on the internet to avoidRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand familiesRead MoreEssay on Media Addiction1228 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Screen Addiction Definitional Argument Essay When most people think of addiction, they think of crack heads and alcoholics. Although those are the most common types of addiction, there are also more unusual things. Addiction is a psychological and bodily dependence on a substance or practice which is beyond voluntary control. In a sense, every person has a form of addiction. Weather to caffeine, or food, or cleaning, they are all small kinds of addiction. One addiction that is spreadingRead MoreThe Impact of Mobile Phones on Teenagers1244 Words   |  5 Pagestherefore a necessity to inform today s youth of the effects of owning a cellular phone. By reason of request from Mr. Howard, Prime Minster of Australia, to hear the concerns of Australia, a conclusive survey was conducted and revealed that children and teenagers are not aware of the major issues regarding mobile phones. Consequently, these issues need to be recognized by youth and society in order to prevent the harmful effects regarding addiction, health and debt among st teenagers. These findingsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1564 Words   |  7 PagesWithin recent years the Internet and computer technology have made great advancements, allowing for the age of social media to be born and subsequently shaped into what it is today. Social media has become so largely desirable to modern day society due to its large and easy accessibility amongst citizens. However, social networking sites such as Facebook have been found to have negative impacts on individual’s social and psychological well being including things such as basic empathetic social skills1Read MoreCell phone addiction1352 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Final paper about cell phone addiction Over the years, cell phone addiction has gained public attention. There are several reasons why this case can attract some many researchers to study this.. First of all, mobile phone is new technology and some people have curiosity. They try to understand what will happen when they download new cell phone application. Studying in this field would allow business corporation to earn much money. Second, certain mobile phone behaviors are considered to be problematicRead MoreEtiology, Predispositions, And Vulnerabilities1738 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigned to explain the how IAD develops in an individual and how it is then maintained. These models draw from different fields of psychology such to determine different theorised causes for the addiction such as biological factors (such as chemical imbalances making one more susceptible to addiction), psychological predispositions (such as other mental health problems or personality) and social factors (such as culture, socio-economic standing and acceptance of the Internet from others). Whilst theseRead MoreThe Internet Addiction Disorder1152 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem streaming throughout the global society today is IAD or Internet Addiction Disorder. Our culture along with many others has been consumed with the ease and pleasure of shopping, gaming, and social networking through online portals to the point that it has become an overwhelming problem for some people. What Internet Addiction Disorder is exactly has been the topic of much debate and so has what makes internet addiction so addicting. IAD is a serious problem and is receiving attention from allRead MoreTime Vs. Computer Addiction882 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat tool to use, there is a possibility of obsession or overuse of this technology. The overuse, or obsession can cause individuals to neglect others, as well as self. This behavior can result to computer addiction. Obligations can be neglected, because too much time is spent on the computer. According to Wieland, â€Å"Young claims there were 56 million internet users in 1997. Extrapolating from prevalence rates of other addictions, 5-10 percent of users will most likely experience IAD.† Young’s survey

The Era Of Franklin D. Roosevelt And The Civil Rights...

The period of the mid 30’s and 40’s during the Roosevelt presidency presented an evolution for minorities, the foundation for the civil rights movement was set during this era. The urgent necessities for Latinos, Blacks, and Native Americans came into focus for a government that was largely ignoring them previously. With the downfall of the economy, minorities were economically hit the worst. Many programs put in during Roosevelt’s administration never provided the same success for minorities that their white counterparts achieved. Still, FDR’s administration laid out multiple plans for minorities to achieve future success and equality. As new incentives with housing, industry, and civil rights tries to improve the lives’ of Latinos, Blacks, and Native Americans. To begin with, in Richard Polenberg’s The Era of Franklin D. Roosevelt there are six documents that are presented that provide the status of three different races during Rooseveltâ⠂¬â„¢s presidency. First, Selden Menefee and Orin C. Cassmore provide a detailed report for the WPA on Mexican Pecan shellers in San Antonio during the 30’s. One of the first conclusions made in their reports is that nearly all Mexicans Pecan shellers are in poverty. According to Menefee and Cassmore, â€Å"They earned 5 or 6 cents an hour about $2.73 for a fifty-one-hour workweek† (p. 136). According to Westegg.com, $2.73 in 1938 would add up to, â€Å"$46.43† for a week’s amount of work in 2015. As a result, many workers only earned a small wageShow MoreRelatedA Comparative Analysis of the Activism and Views of Women Held by Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s and Hillary Clinton1848 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between the activism and views of women held by Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s and Hillary Clinton Since Hillary Clinton clinched the position of the First Lady, various attempts have been made to compare her activism and views of women with those of Eleanor Roosevelt. 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Roosevelt; a democrat, to be their next president in expectance to reverse the economic damages that had been made. In effect, this had begun the era of The Great depression and the beginning of Liberals challenging traditional laws and values. In fact, the beginning of the 1930’s/40’s affected the rise of conservatism in the U.S by the 1960’s/70’s in three ways, such as the growth of Democratic involvement, Civil Rights, and the decrease of traditionalRead MoreThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People670 Words   |  3 PagesWhen History Changed The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was founded in the year of 1909 in New York City. This association is considered the nation’s biggest and oldest civil rights organizations. It was formed in response to the continuing terrible practice of lynching during that period. Lynching was being practiced during this time and affected many people just because of their skin color. The NAACP was made by white and black citizens â€Å"[fought] for socialRead MoreThe Progressive Era And New Deal Era2021 Words   |  9 PagesThe Progressive Era and the New Deal Era had a significant amount of similarities with policies and programs to reform the American society, improve lives and fight poverty in America. Although the Progressive and New Deal Era had many similarities, there were still differences between them that included the views of what needed to be done. Both the Progressive and the New Deal Era’s main goals were to improve the American society. Both the Progressive and New Deal’s accomplishments were rootedRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pagesof slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. †¢ Politics †¢ Social conditions †¢ Labor and working conditions 5. 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. †¢ SuburbanizationRead MoreThe History of Poliomyelitis Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pageswith the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s, public struggle with the disease and its complications propelled the fight against polio and its associated disabilities to the national forefront. Through efforts for and by FDR, public awareness and financial support fueled the development of therapies to assist polio survivors. Handicapped polio victims facing discrimination because of their impairments drove the disabilities rights movement. They found little or no infrastructureRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II2840 Words   |  12 Pagespresident Franklin D. Roosevelt held office. He led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II. He was a man who symbolized change, progress, and hope and effectively restored the faith several individuals lost as a result of the depression and war. By the time Roosevelt took office in Mar ch of 1933 as the 32nd president, there were 13 million unemployed Americans, and hundreds of banks were closed. Roosevelt faced the greatest crisis in American history since the Civil War. DuringRead MoreA History of African Americans after Reconstruction Essay2543 Words   |  11 PagesThe struggle for development of African Americans and how they initiated change in political, economic, educational, and social conditions to shape their future and that of the United States. (Dixon, 2000) The South’s attempts to recover from the Civil war included determining what to do with newly freed slaves and finding labor to replace them. The task of elevating the Negro from slave to citizen was the most enormous one which had ever confronted the country. Local governments implemented mechanismsRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt set a Precedent for First Ladies by Purposefully Establishing Herself as a Political Figure3033 Words   |  12 PagesEleanor Roosevelt set a precedent for first lad ies by purposefully establishing herself as a political figure. After running as the Democratic vice presidential candidate in 1920, Franklin D. Roosevelt would remain a lifelong political figure as would his wife Eleanor. He was diagnosed with Polio a year later and became bound to a wheel chair; Eleanor Roosevelt would step into the political sphere on his behalf as well as her own, where she purposefully established herself as a polished political

Total Quality Management A Case Of Barclays Bank Free Essays

string(56) " the world with over three hundred years of experience\." Abstract A number of bankers hold the school of thought that banks fall under the finance industry instead of the service industry. In consequence, the competition is more inclined to financial prowess rather than service quality. The banking and financial institutions devote their resources, system, time and people more on managing the cash and the assets instead of managing customers and service. We will write a custom essay sample on Total Quality Management: A Case Of Barclays Bank or any similar topic only for you Order Now The procedures and products setup are in line with the bank’s convenience instead of the customer’s convenience. Additionally, most of the systems are designed with the aim of controlling the customers rather than offering satisfaction. Banks and financial institutions usually give customer service and satisfaction low priority. With few systems designed to monitor customer loyalty. Contrary to that thought, banks and financial institutions provide the service of financial custody to its customers thus belong to the service industry. For this reason, total quality management is applicable in the banking sector given its success with manufacturing industries. Banks stand to benefit from implementation of total quality management owing to the fact that their survival depend on customer loyalty and satisfaction. However, banking sector is somehow slow in reallocating into the customer-first archetype. The paper focuses on Barclays bank; it outlines and analyses how the banking organisation has introduced and developed a comprehensive system of total quality management in addition to the impacts of the implementation. Furthermore, it provides a critique on the same while highlighting possible areas necessary for improvement. Background The current global market is highly competitive with a characteristic of ever escalating customer demands such as, the need for improved products and services. Most markets have increasing supply of aggressively priced services and products from low labor cost sources. With the current competitive threats present in the market place, it is imperative for organisations and businesses to embrace improved and result oriented strategies (Cheng, Madan Motwani, 2012). Incessant enhancement in total business activities with a keen focus on customer all through the entire organisation, in addition to prominence on quality and flexibility is of the essence to an organisational success. Quality, its management, and the associated continuous improvements play a significant role in many organisations. It is equally important to note that most organisations and businesses utilize total quality management as a means through, which they can endure in increasingly belligerent markets while maintaining their competitive edge over their challengers. The lifeblood of all businesses and organisation is its customers. In most cases, customers determine the sales of businesses and organisations based on their perception of the product and service quality. In consequence, quality concludes profits while the customers delineate and determine what quality entails. The implementation of total quality management has a myriad of benefits to an organisation and business as a whole; increased market share, amplified profitability, customer and employ satisfaction and heightened competitive edge against competitors. High quality has a direct correlation with the survival of organisations challenged with strong global competitors. In most organisations, competitive success is because of high quality (Eriksson Hansson, 2010). Presently, the high-end significance of implementing total quality management makes it imperative for organisations and businesses to embrace high quality, its management and continuous improvements, especially in the current increasingly competitive market. The organisations that fail to embrace the principle of total quality management are bound to be unsuccessful. Additionally, total quality management is no longer an alternative for organisations willing to survive in the strong competitive markets. In ensuring customer confidence and competing for international business, organisations with ISO certification hold a distinct edge against their rivals. To the quality conscious buyers, total quality management is an imperative process of value addition (Dusseav, 2012). Total quality management entails the methods of management used to improve the productivity and quality in a business organisation: A widespread management approach operates horizontally across a business organisation. Total quality management involves all employees and departments extending forward and backward to include both customers and suppliers. Total quality management model employs a systematic approach on improving quality based on; personal accountability for assemblage success, team-based work groups, running of the work process possessed by individuals, motivation, and quality desire above quantity and facilitated communication involving functional areas and groups. Within the model, suggestions for improvements are sought from every echelon of the business organisation while motivation is distributed through recognition programs and profit sharing. Employee training in the scientific approach to fact-based problem solving remains the feature of the TQM model. The model embraces the use of tools like process flow charts, orthogonal arrays, statistical process control charts and Pareto charts (Cheng, Madan Motwani, 2012). For any business organisation, quality provides a strategic advantage; a heightened competitive advantage and organisational survival. An organisational strategy based on quality aimed for competitive advantage usually emphasises on strategic resource on unremitting quality enhancement. In addition to creating price-value advantage above competitors, quality allows the organisation to charge a superior per unit sale price through differentiation. A business organisation is able to achieve a more sustainable competitive advantage through implementation of strategy of high quality. Organisations operating and competing on quality hunt an operational strategy capable of controlling product and service quality while seeking incessant improvement. Different market researchers suggest that organisations should focus on quality improvement in order to gain competence instead of laying emphasis on the current foci including efficiency, revenue, and market share. The current foci are by-products of competence that an organisation can achieve through focusing on product and service quality. Organisations vary in terms of the management practices, culture and the processes used to produce and deliver the products and services (Cheng, Madan Motwani 2012). In this regard, total quality management strategy varies from one organisation to another. However, total quality management calls upon techniques and tools of lean manufacturing, quality control, ISO 9000, six sigma, and a customer focused culture. Introduction Barclays bank is one of the leading financial institutions across the world with over three hundred years of experience. You read "Total Quality Management: A Case Of Barclays Bank" in category "Essay examples" The headquarters of Barclays Bank is situated in the UK with various branches across several countries worldwide. The bank has a strategy to increase the growth potential through continued diversification of business by customer, geography and product. It has the responsibility of progressing, investing, lending and protecting the money of close to thirty million customers across the globe. One of its branches has built a very strong reputation; the Barclays Bank Plc, Mauritius. The Mauritius branch; with close to one thousand one hundred employees, offer various services for corporate as well as individual customers. Quality implementation There are a myriad of approaches and models for a successful implementation of total quality management within an organization. Some of the approaches and theoretical models that are extensively used include; Crosby’s 14 steps to Quality improvement, Juran 10 points for quality improvement and W.E Demings’ 14 points for quality improvement (Bowen, 2013).While a widely agreed upon approach does not exist, Barclays bank has applied an implementation approach that borrows certain concepts and strategies from all the widely known approaches. The bank has implemented its total quality management system in a more customized way. The bank has adopted the EFQM framework theory in its implementation of TQM. Basically, the approach calls for a focus on results, customers, dependability of purpose, involving and training employees, incessant learning and social responsibility. The bank has applied all these criteria in its implementation approach of TQM (Sila, 2012). In a bid to improve its competitive edge and survivability, the branch has employed a number of strategies that ensure high quality of service delivery to their customers. It has embraced unremitting enhancement in total business activities, with a keen focus on customer all through the entire organisation. It is imperative for the bank to create constancy of purpose for unremitted enhancement of services and products. Barclays bank has embraced this as the first priority in implementing quality management. The bank has allocated its resources for long term planning instead of short-term profits. In order to ensure competitiveness and existence of the bank, it has invested in quality and innovation (Dusseav, 2012). Its management motivates their employees in addition to clear communication of the bank’s policies. The strategy of total quality management implementation has been generally broken down into two major categories in the bank’s modus operandi: Human resource m anagement and service quality, and customer satisfaction implementation. Under each major category of the strategies, there are subdivisions of the strategies. All these form a coherent system of TQM implementation at the bank for improved competitive edge as well as survivability. Quality Service and H R Management Barclays bank acknowledges the significance of the human factor as a major determinant in the successful implementation of total quality management. As a result, the bank has accorded superior attention to human factors such as motivation, teamwork and cooperation. The bank conducted an interview on their employees in regards to their viewpoint, before the implementation of total quality management. A number of employees agreed on the introduction of the total quality management by the management. They held the belief that there was a relationship between the introduction of TQM and the success of the bank. The bank introduced the system through written pamphlets to its employees. In an effort to thoroughly understand how the bank has introduced and develop its TQM system, an analysis of the three sub-divisions under human resource management in light of quality management was undertaken (Eriksson Hansson, 2010). Focus on meeting employee needs Barclays bank focuses on employee needs given that the bank tries to improve their performance through encouraging creative thinking, holding training programs and teamwork. All these activities are aimed at enhancing the employees’ professionalism. Additionally, the bank provided its employees with a chance to express their views while offering rewards for excellence performance. It has a competently designed training program that emphasises on incessantly improving the professional skills of its employees. Techniques such as, workshops, industry level seminars and job training are employed to ensure the efficiency of the program. Focus on continued improvement In a bid to meet the needs of its employees, the bank management tries to enhance the quality continuously through mistake avoidance, cost minimization of financial services, keeping of good documentation system and unremitting amendment of work practices. According to the employees, the bank strives to focus on the customers as well, given that they run surveys with the aim of finding out the customer’s needs. The bank is characterized with listening and providing financial advice to its employees’ interests and needs (Edwards, 2013). Focus on management competition needs It is important to realize that, through creation of effective means of communication between the employees and the customers, the bank has managed to develop their competitive edge. The bank acquired an ISO certification, which has led to a heightened bank performance level as compared to other banking institutions. Additionally, Barclay bank is always on the look-out for new technology aimed at modifying the current process of operation. The bank’s management acknowledges the importance of process innovation in a bid to evaluate their operation processes and the need to alter them. Process innovation has seen the bank to greater heights in terms of customer and employee satisfaction. The innovation allows the lower level management within the bank to communicate to the top management on exactly how the processes should be conducted in order to reflect the true customer satisfaction (Eriksson Hansson, 2010). Customer satisfaction Barclays bank holds both individual and cooperate customers with high esteem as it acknowledges their significance in the success of the institution. In a bid to create an impressive customer appeal and product and service endorsement, the management of the bank has placed life-long strategies within its services provision. These strategies are focused on constantly delighting and surprising their esteemed customers ahead of their arch competitors. The management of Barclays bank not only ensures that their esteemed customers purchase their product but also recommend the products to their families and friends (Frick, 2009). In an interview conducted to establish the level of customer satisfaction, Barclays showed a satisfactory level of satisfaction to the needs of their customers. The bank has modern technical equipment such as A.T.M services which help save the customers time thereby facilitating their deal with the bank. Apart from the A.T.M services, the bank has employed various strategies aimed at reducing the processing time of its key products and services such as new accounts, loans, credit cards and cheque encashment. Through innovation of mobile applications, the waiting period and down time as well as the queuing period has been significantly reduced (Edwards, 2013). According to the customer feedbacks, Barclays bank delivers most of its promises to their customers. It has eliminated a number of bureaucracy procedures that are deemed obstacles on delivery of promise agreements. The bank management has created an image of reliability among its customers through the use of good dependable documentation. In order to improve the level of customer satisfaction, quality of services offered by the bank is undertaken by qualified employees. The employees are trained to serve the customers with friendliness and efficiency. The working hours of the bank are deemed suitable for their customers and employees on a similar basis. The bank’s skilled employees not only offer quality services, but also quick delivery. This creates a sense of customer being the emphasis of the banks operation. Barclays has effective communication systems through, which the customers’ complaints are channeled and promptly handled. This way, the bank improves on its weakest areas on customer service thereby enabling the customer to feel appreciated as part of the bank. Additionally, the bank focuses on improving the quality of products and services offered in the bank apart from customer service. Barclays bank has some of the best interest rates, inclusive of all charges and hidden fees thereby depicting the quality of its services and products. The enquiries made by the customers either through phone or in person are promptly answered. The bank has trained its employees to employ good work ethics in responding to customer enquiries: few rings before the phone is picked up, reduced number of transfers before the customer is connected to the right person and prompt answering of the phone (Edwards, 2013). The bank employs accuracy and timeliness of account statements as compared to their competitors. This ensures the customers’ trust on the bank while upholding the bank’s image, reputation and integrity. These qualities put the bank at a higher competitive edge within the banking industry. Conclusion In conclusion, the implementation of the total quality management in Barclays is considered successful given the numerous benefits associated with the embrace of the system. The level of commitment practice by the bank’s management has greatly ensured an improved quality of the services offered at the bank. The bank has witnessed a number of benefits associated with the influence of customer satisfaction and continuous process improvement methods on the quality of service delivery and profit margins. The services offered at Barclays have been identified as some of the best as compared to other financial institutions. In terms of focus on employees, the bank has been ranked top as its rewards its employees with competitive salaries. The high quality of services offered by the bank has allowed the bank to charge high prices for its products and services on similar basis. This has ensured high profitability and increased competitive advantage over their rivals. Total quality mana gement should not be considered as alternative, instead effective strategies should be adopted to ensure its successful implementation. In order to ensure that total quality management implementation is effective, it is recommended that the bank expands the role of internal auditor to examine the bank’s performance in terms of service, quality, value and cleanliness instead of limiting their functions. Even though the bank utilized written documents during the introduction of the TQM implementation, it is imperative to change the banks configuration and work practices to facilitate accomplishment of the TQM concepts. It is a daunting task for the bank to differentiate itself from its competitors given that an introduction of a new marketing strategy will automatically be copied. It is therefore imperative for the bank to ensure high quality of services, products and service delivery in a bid to ensure the customers’ loyalty. Bibliography Bowen, R. (2013, December 4). Learn the Theories of Total Quality Management. Retrieved October 31, 2014. Cheng, C. H., Madan, M. S., Motwani, J. (2012) Implementing quality management in the banking services sector. Total Quality Management, 7(4), 347-356. Dusseav, S.P. (2012)†An analysis of the relationship between financial performance and TQM†, University of Missouri. Eriksson, T Hansson, J. (2010) â€Å"The impact of TQM on financial performance†, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 7, No. 1, 36 – 50. Edwards, C.(2013) Barclays Bank Plc V. Rbs Advanta. Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases, 113(10) 2012, 307-319. Frick, R. A., (2009) The application of total quality management on service quality in banking. New York, NY: Wiley. Sila, I. (2012). Examining the effects of contextual factors on TQM and performance through the lens of organizational theories: An empirical study. Journal of Operations Management, 23(12), 83-109. Appendix TQM- Total quality management A.T.M – Automatic teller machine ISO 900- A family unit of quality management standards How to cite Total Quality Management: A Case Of Barclays Bank, Essay examples

Smart Style Unisex Salon free essay sample

The paper is a business plan for Smart Style Unisex Salon. It explains the type of business established and describes the products and services that the company offers, providing charts of projected accounts specific to the business, a chart of assets and liabilities, a pro-forma income statement. The paper describes the impact of the use of IFRS and the GAAP accounting standards. Description of the Business Smart Style Unisex Salon is a full-service salon that offers services and products to both men and women. Smart Style Unisex Salon is committed to constantly offer quality services and products as well as high customer satisfaction by offering superior products and exceptional services, and providing a pleasing atmosphere. The salon will provide these at competitive prices. The salon also maintains artistic decor within its premises and a welcoming work environment that respects ideas, opinions, diversity, and hard work. Smart Style Unisex Salon will provide hair care products and services modeled to provide healthy hair care to its clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Smart Style Unisex Salon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The products will help the customers to keep and maintain healthy hair between appointments with Smart Style Unisex Salon. The general staffing plan of Smart Style Unisex Salon consists of 15 employees, and the Founders and Owners of Smart Style Unisex Salon. The employees include Kenneth Maxwell (Head Barber), Reese Joseph (Head Stylist), Esther Peter (Book Keeper, Accountant), Peter Williams (Maintenance, Inventory Manager). The remaining 11 employees will consist of a receptionist and the rest will be involved in other services provided by the salon. Type of Business and Ownership The business will be formed as a Texas corporation with four stockholders: John Martins, Joel Smith, Valerie Kim, and Juliet Wood. Each stockholder will own 25% of the issued stocks. The agreement and charter will be in accordance with the laws of Texas State and will be drawn up by Murphy Edwards, an attorney in the State of Texas. Products and Services The aim of the business is to provide a broad range of barber and salon services such as hair services such as relaxers, coloring, curling, conditioning, haircuts, weaving, and braiding; beauty care such body massage, body waxing, and facials to the people within the location; and Nails services such as pedicures, polish, and manicures. The business will also offer cosmetics. Current Proposal As the need for beauty by residents of Texas continues to increase, the operations of Smart Style Unisex Salon will also increase. The current stockholders have a total of $20,000 to invest in the salon. The business, however, requires additional funding for business loan of $200,000, which will be used to purchase business equipment for business operations. The start-up costs will be funded by capital from the four stockholders. Additional funds will be financed by a 6-year loan from an investor/lender at an interest rate of 10 percent per annum. Chart of Accounts Equipment Account This will be financed by a 5-year loan from an investor. Equipment will include machinery for providing beauty services and electronic machines that are relevant to business operations of Smart Style Unisex Salon. Furnishings Account This account will be maintained for materials such as furniture that are meant to furnish the area of business operation. The account will be financed by a loan from a lender. Products Account Products will include beauty products that will be sold by the business cosmetic section. This will be funded by the owners as well as the loan. Cash Account The cash account will be maintained for all cash transactions of Smart Style Unisex Salon. All the cash and checks from the business, as well as, the investor will be debited in the cash account. Sales Account Sales account will be important for recording all the sale transactions such as sale products and services. Expenses Account The expenses account will record all the expenses of the business such as payroll, rent and electricity, depreciation, marketing, insurance, interest and tax expenses. These expenses will be paid for using the revenues that Smart Style Unisex Salon will generate from its business operations. Revenue Account The revenue account will include profits generated from sale of products (cosmetics), as well as, the sale of salon services. Among the most crucial types of internal controls that will be used in this business are the physical, mechanical, and electronic controls particularly when handling the business equipment. Electronic controls ensure efficiency and accuracy in business operations, thus they ensure efficient control. Mechanical devices will include alarms and clocks in order to maintain a record of time that workers have worked. The business will also use preventive and detective controls to prevent loss and ensure quality. Segregation of roles is crucial when it concerns safeguarding business resources and assets (Gilbertson Lehman, 2011). This is because it ensures that there is no duplication of efforts since each worker performs his or her tasks in the business. Physical, Mechanical, and Electronic Controls The business will acquire safety deposit boxes and safes that will be used for business cash and documents. Access to the business assets will be limited to only one person who will be the only one with a password to access important business documents. Furthermore, there will be the implementation of storage cabinets by the business, which will be used for inventory and records. The implementation of computer systems with eyeball scans or fingerprint will be used to record and store all the important data relating to the operations of the business. Time clocks will be used to record time worked and alarms will be used to prevent break-ins. Smart Style Unisex Salon will ensure the implementation of television sensors and monitors to prevent robbery. Preventive and Detective Controls Smart Style Unisex Salon will ensure optimum segregation of duties to prevent any losses of fraud in the business entity. The business will ensure proper physical control and authorization over the company’s resources and assets. The internal controls will ensure safeguarding of business resources and assets in order to improve its operations. Any resistance and challenges associated with internal controls will necessitate maximum attention. To ensure that such issues do not cause a major challenge to the operations of the business, there will be strict laws and regulations that all workers of Smart Style Unisex Salon will be expected to adhere to. Lack of adherence to the rules and regulations on business operations will result in the firing of the employee(s) involved. Legal Requirements Business stockholders will be required to obtain licenses of operation from the legal institutions and departments. Smart Style Unisex Salon will operate in accordance to laws and regulations that govern the business operations. This is important because it will ensure that the business entity avoids incurring extra legal costs for not complying with the required rules and regulations. Smart Style Unisex will be carried out in compliance to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The act is intended to protect lenders and investors by improving accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made to security laws (Bumgardner, 2003). This is important as it ensures that business do not engage in wrongful acts since there are penalties involved. Revenues and Accounting The business revenues will be generated through the provision of reliable and quality beauty products and services of Texas residents. Complete accounting records will be kept by Smart Style Unisex Salon. Esther Peter, who is the firm’s accountant and book keeper, will be in charge of preparing financial statements and filing the tax returns of the business. Internal audit duties will be performed by an external auditor for the company in order to ensure that proper books of records are kept and represent a true and fair position of Smart Style Unisex Salon. Accounts will be prepared in conformity to the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in order to ensure that the business maintains the required statements for legal and financial purposes. IFRS and GAAP ensure that business maintain proper financial statements (Warren, 2012). Smart Style Unisex Salon will employ the Microsoft Excel and QuickBooks will be used as the accounting software. Changes will be integrated in the accounting books through the use of the double-entry system (ledgers).

What Does LinkedIns 25 Hottest Skills List Mean for You

What Does LinkedIns 25 Hottest Skills List Mean for You For the third consecutive year, LinkedIn has produced a list of its 25 Hottest Skills. I shared 2014s list with you as a part of my Top 10 Lists for the year, and I thought 2015s edition deserved a separate post. This is a great tool for honing the keyword phrases in your LinkedIn profile, especially if your expertise matches any of these skill sets. To compile its list, LinkedIn reviews the top keywords searched by recruiters throughout the course of the year. The site has made a nice improvement to this years list by including a column to depict which direction the skills are trending. And the material accompanying LinkedIns article contains links to training and job openings for each skill. Nice! Many skills have maintained their search relevancy since the list first ran in 2013. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining and Mobile Development both remained in the top 10 since LinkedIn started the yearly compilation. New this year are Corporate Law and Governance, Software Modeling and Process Design, and Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Off the list are Recruiting, Digital and Online Marketing, and Computer Graphics and Animation, dropping from 15th, 16th and 17th respectively in 2014 to 26th, 32nd and 34th in 2015. Integrated Circuit Design and SAP ERP Systems also exited the top 25, falling 7 spots each. Lists from the past 3 years: The 25 Hottest Skills That Got People Hired in 2013 The 25 Hottest Skills That Got People Hired in 2014 The 25 Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2016 If you cant claim the top skills on LinkedIn and are kicking yourself about it, perhaps the latest list will serve as motivation to make this year the one when you get the training youve been contemplating. And if you already have these skills, but you dont have the keywords written into your LinkedIn profile, I highly recommend you add them there! Its a good bet that if you have any of strengths listed here and youre currently on the hunt for a new job, 2016 may prove to be a fruitful one for your career. Of course, that all depends on whether your LinkedIn profile is of the KILLER standard. Im here if you need help. On a slightly different note, if youre interested in knowing which soft skills are important to strengthen for a successful career, check out the Mind the Skills Gap LinkedIn series, where Amy Chen asks 50+ influencers what skills theyll be honing in 2016. You can get in on the fun and share your plans with LinkedIn readers too!

The 10 Most Unusual International Borders

The 10 Most Unusual International Borders Every country (except for some island nations) borders another country, but that doesn’t mean every border is the same. From large lakes to a shared collection of islands, national borders are more than just lines on a map. 1. Angle Inlet In far southeastern Manitoba, Canada, lies an inlet of the Lake of the Woods that is part of the United States. Also known as the Northwest Angle, this exclave of the United States, considered part of Minnesota, can only be reached from Minnesota by traveling over the Lake of Woods or by traveling through Manitoba or Ontario. 2. Azerbaijan-Armenia Between the Azerbaijan and Armenia border, there are a combined total of four exclaves or islands of territory that lie in the opposite country. The largest exclave is Azerbaijans Naxcivan exclave, a not insignificant piece of territory located within Armenia. Three tiny exclaves also exist- two additional Azerbaijan exclaves in northeastern Armenia and one Armenian exclave in northwestern Azerbaijan.   3. United Arab Emirates-Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates-Oman The boundary between the United Arab Emirates and its two neighboring countries, Oman and Saudi Arabia is not clear. The boundary with Saudi Arabia, defined in the 1970s, has not been publicly announced, so cartographers and officials draw the line at their best estimate. The border with Oman is not defined. Nonetheless, these boundaries lie within a fairly inhospitable desert, so boundary demarcation is not an urgent issue at this time. 4. China-Pakistan-India (Kashmir) The Kashmir region where India, Pakistan, and China meet in the Karakoram Range is incredibly complex. This map illuminates some of the confusion. 5. Namibias Caprivi Strip Northeastern Namibia has a panhandle that extends far east several hundred miles and separating Botswana from Zambia. The Caprivi Strip provides Namibia access to the Zambezi River near the Victoria Falls. The Caprivi Strip is named for German Chancellor Leo von Caprivi, who made the panhandle part of German South-West Africa to provide Germany access to Africas eastern coast. 6. India-Bangladesh-Nepal Less than twenty miles (30 kilometers) separate Bangladesh from Nepal, squeezing India so that far eastern India is almost an exclave. Of course, prior to 1947, Bangladesh was part of British India and thus this border situation did not exist until the independence of India  and Pakistan (Bangladesh was initially part of independent Pakistan). 7. Bolivia In 1825, Bolivia gained independence and its territory included the Atacama and thus access to the Pacific Ocean. However, in its war with Peru against Chile in War of the Pacific (1879-83), Bolivia lost its ocean access and became a landlocked country. 8. Alaska-Canada Southeastern Alaska contains a peninsula of rocky and icy islands, known as the Alexander Archipelago, that cuts Canadas Yukon Territory as well as northern British Columbia off from the Pacific Ocean. This territory is Alaskan, and thus part of the United States.   9. Territorial Claims on Antarctica Seven countries claim pie-shaped wedges of Antarctica. While no nation can modify its territorial claim nor can any nation act upon such a claim, these straight boundaries that typically lead from 60 degrees south to the South Pole divide up the continent, overlapping in some instances but also leaving significant segments of the continent unclaimed (and unclaimable, according to the principles of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959). This detailed map shows the boundaries of the competing claims. 10. The Gambia The Gambia lies entirely within Senegal. The river-shaped country was started when British merchants obtained the trading rights along the river. From those rights, The Gambia eventually became a colony and then an independent country.

Country Boys Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Country Boys - Movie Review Example Cody and Chris also studies in the same school called David School. The film progresses as the two teenage boys enter the same school, David school, which is an alternative school for troubled teens. Here, the two boys adapts differently to their new environment. Cody finds a new sense of purpose by living with a supportive grandmother, having a good relationship with his girlfriend and girlfriend's family, joining a metal band and committing himself to God. All these aspects have made him forget his tragic past and find a renewed purpose in life. Chris on the other hand did not have a solid support system as Cody's. He had to battle with an alcoholic father who doesn't support his passion to go to school and he also had to work to alleviate their poverty. In the end of the film, Cody was able to graduate valedictorian in their senior class giving him a bright future ahead while Chris was not able to graduate and ended up working in a low paying job without knowing what the future will bring him. This film is about the attachment of an individual to his society and his need to belong in order to live happily. Emile Durkheim talks about mechanical social solidarity of the community where people have a set of norms and rituals which makes them solid. They are moved by their collective conscience leaving the individual not to think about his own desires but the needs of his community. Organic solidarity on the other hand is a by-product of the division of labor. A society becomes complex due to the increase of the dynamic density. When a society becomes complex, the individuals play more specialized roles. Because of this, they start to have different experiences which affect their norms and values which weakens their sense of community. Cody and Chris lived in a mechanically solid society which had its own norms and set of rules and as teenagers; they had to abide by to the collective conscience of their society. In such a homogenized community, there is not much room for individualism nor autonomy; a person identifies himself with everyone else. Despite Cody and Chris' dysfunctional background, they are able to internalize and adhere to the rules through socialization and education which is according to Durkheim a social fact. They become morally obliged to obey social rules. In the course of the film, Cody's life becomes very different from Chris'. Cody establishes more attachment to society because of his healthy relationships with his grandma and girl friend. Also by attending church, he does not only strengthens his fate but also reinforces his ties with the community. Religion, according to Durkheim is really a social creation. By worshipping God, the people actually worships the collective over them that transcend over individual existence which makes it sacred. Cody's outlook in life has become positive as he feels his belongingness in the society. On the other hand, Chris becomes detached to the community. Because of having egoists who only thinks about themselves, they pass on to their child their negative outlook and the lack of need to bond with the community. Chris has no moral guidance from his parents and thus his social values loosen and he becomes undisciplined which leads to anomie. According to Durkehim, if an individual lacks any sense of social restraint, he will seek to satisfy his own appetite and will not consider the possible

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 4 SLP Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 4 SLP - Essay Example There are twenty six government agencies that offer grants, including the Department of Health and Human Services. Those agencies are as follows: There are many kinds of people that can apply for these grants. Government organizations such as State and local governments, education organizations such as independent school districts, public housing organizations, and non-profit organizations, for profit organization, small business, and others may apply. There are also grants that individuals can get when applied for the right reasons (hhs.gov) The steps to applying for a grant are really quite easy but need to be followed very specifically. Self or organization must be registered. The person who is registering must register as an authorized organization representative. Find and search for grants in the field you are looking for, download the application package, apply for the grants be sure to follow every instruction completely, track the application and stay on top of the progress. In order to register the organization you must obtain a data universal number, register it with central contractor registration, get a user name and password and AOR authorization and then track the status (hhs.gov.grant). To register as an individual, you need to enter the funding opportunity number, and complete the profile form. The budget for the Department of Health and Human Resources is approximately $911 billion for 2011. Of that money, 3% goes to CHIPS, 10% goes to discretionary, 51% goes to Medicare, 33% goes to Medicaid, 4% goes to mandatory programs, and 2.3% goes to TANF. There are many goals attached to this budgetary money like they should be as a budget is really a plan. The following goals are present to be managed in this budget. In the news there seems to be funding available. There are many articles presently out there on newly granted programs including research funding, Centers for Disease Control

Evolution Of Substance Abuse In Mauritius Criminology Essay

Evolution Of Substance Abuse In Mauritius Criminology Essay Substance abuse is a multi-facetted problem that plagues a whole society, irrespective of different age categories and social classes. The consequences and the amount of harm caused to the individual, the family and society are diverse. Mauritius, while being a small island of approximately 1.2 million  [1]  inhabitants only, far away from the leading powers of the global economy, and niched at the heart of the Indian Ocean has not been spared from this issue. According to the National Drug Control Masterplan 2004-2009  [2]  , the age of initiation to substance abuse in Mauritius starts from as early as 11 years because of peer or media influence. The rationale of substance abuse is however not this simple. Sometimes, some people give in to the instinctive human behaviour which is trying to find the easiest escape from harsh realities and nuisances of daily life, and resort to substance abuse. Evolution of substance abuse in Mauritius Substance abuse may have become an alarming phenomenon of late, but drugs have been present in Mauritius for a far longer time. The use of drugs has been recorded to have started with as early as during the French colonisation  [3]  with illicit rum production by slaves. With the arrival of indentured labourers, Indians brought along with their culture and traditions, cannabis, while Chinese immigrants brought opium  [4]  . These drugs were mostly utilised in a socio-cultural circumstance, by adults without being a cause for serious concern. Mid-sixties brought with it the Hippie Culture  [5]  to Mauritian shores as well as new forms of drugs such as LSD  [6]  , Mandrax  [7]  and other hallucinogens which became synonymous to new highs to youngsters. The seventies caused an altogether different trend of substance abuse, as the situation changed drastically from its socio-cultural to a more significantly worrying use. A rudimentary form of heroin  [8]  known as Brown Sugar was introduced in Mauritius. Brown Sugar was smuggled through the airport, harbour and through postal packets. The Amsterdam Affair  [9]  that broke out in 1985 was the quintessence of the scope of the drugs problem in Mauritius. As an attempt to display its willingness to leave no stone unturned in the combat against drug trafficking, legislation was amended  [10]  and death penalty was introduced for proved traffickers. No drug trafficker have however been executed because of the thorny legal issues surrounding capital punishment. A sudden downward trend was observed in 1987 and continued until 1990 after which indicators revealed a slight increase in illicit trafficking and consumption  [11]  . In 2003, the White Lady  [12]   was a psychotropic drug opted by most drug users. Post 2005, Subutex  [13]  , which is normally used as treatment on those dependent on narcotic pain killers, and opiates, soon became the most sought-after drug in Mauritius.    Substance Abuse and Repercussions Social Consequences Significant social consequences include the disintegration of the family unit, with the emotional and psychological well-being of family members being upset. Substance abuse and delinquency go hand in hand; as sometimes dependency and withdrawal syndromes overcome reason and push addicts towards theft, violence and similar such acts to procure the financial means to obtain their required dosage. The 2009 World Drug Report  [14]  shows that number of drug-related crimes has increased by 18% from 2006 to 2007. Health Consequences Substance abuse affects the personal health of drugs addicts themselves. Withdrawal and apathy are a few of the psychological dysfunctions they might face. The impact of addiction can be far reaching. Cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, and lung disease can all be caused by drug abuse  [15]  . Because of needle sharing behaviour  [16]  , a well-established norm among IDUs as has been shown by the IDUs Respondent Driven Sampling  [17]  , which is explained by the increased costs and low financial means of IDUs as well as Police Services continuous stalking of IDUs in possession of drug paraphernalia, blood borne diseases such as AIDS or Hepatitis  [18]  are easily transmitted, repercussions of which is catastrophic both for the IDU and society at large. IDUs who get affected by such blood borne diseases will often through a domino effect, affect their sexual partners, while pregnant women who are IDUs run the risk of contaminating their unborn children with such. Injecting drug use is the cause for an increasing proportion of HIV infections in many parts of the world, Mauritius included. It is estimated that between 11 and 21 million people worldwide inject drugs, and of those, between 0.8 and 6.6 million are infected with HIV  [19]  . Financial Impacts Health services that have to be provided to drug addicts include treatment of diseases which may develop in drug addicts as a consequence of substance abuse, as well as costs of rehabilitation services, which is often overlooked by most persons. The cost of non-generic antiretroviral treatment per person per annum may amount up to $ 1500  [20]  , averaging to about Rs 50, 000 based on current exchange rates. Financial consequences on the economy are grave, with the parallel running of a black economy with profits obtained from the illicit traffic, as well as with the effects of drugs abuse of members of the workforce which reduces productivity. Conventional Approaches to Substance abuse Mauritius has ratified the United Nations Drug Control Conventions  [21]  . It has also ratified the 2000 Convention on Trans-National Organized Crime  [22]  and is also signatory of both the African Union  [23]  and the SADC Drug Control Protocol. Existing legal frameworks that were used, and still are used to control drugs supply and demand reduction are: The Dangerous Drug Act 2000  [24]   The Pharmacy Act 1983  [25]   The Financial Intelligence and Anti Money Laundering Act 2002  [26]   Drugs Demand Reduction Drugs demand reduction is one of the approach used to combat the substance abuse crisis at its core. Drug demand reduction refers to policies and programmes directed towards reducing the consumer demand for narcotic drug and psychotropic substances as covered by the three main International Drug Control Conventions, as mentioned above. The National Agency for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Substance Abusers (NATReSA) is a parastatal body under the aegis of the Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity and Reform Institutions which was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1996  [27]  and it is responsible for all demand reduction activities in the country. By conducting a number of prevention activities in the community, schools and the workplace, NATReSA uses education as its main vehicular weapon to try to diminish the demand for drugs. It provides funding to a number of NGOs engaged in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation work. The National Prevention Unit set up by th e NATReSa in 2002 has set up a Demand Reduction Integrated Program, from which more than 25 regions have already benefitted till date. Supply Side Reduction As to supply side reduction, the law enforcement side is actively involved and a number of institutions operating under the aegis of different ministries are responsible for drug control activities. The Anti Drug Smuggling Unit (ADSU)  [28]  , the National Coast Guard and the Special Mobile Force are special units of the Mauritius Police Force, working under the command of the Commissioner of Police involved in drug control. The Passport and Immigration Office also operates under the supervision of the Commissioner of Police and has a role in the screening of passengers at the seaport and airport while Custom Investigation and Intelligence Unit plays a noteworthy role in the checking of containers and other luggage entering the country. The Pharmacy Section of the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life is responsible for the issuing of licenses for the import of licit narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Finally, Mauritius Post Services work in close cooperation with the above units to exercise close control to guarantee that drugs do not enter the country through letters and postal packages and the Forest Department aids through its field work in forests, mountains and state lands, and is instrumental in detecting cannabis cultivation. According to the 2010 World Drug Report  [29]  , Mauritius is the country with the highest opiates consumption prevalence in the African continent with an estimate of 1.9 %. This demonstrates clearly that conventional approaches to the Mauritian drug problem have not met expectations in terms of efficiency in tackling it. Instead, new factors borne due to a rapidly changing society contributed to the rendering them inefficient opening up of airspaces which while increasing benefits from the tourism and travel industry has also increased the risks of drugs being brought into the country by foreigners, expansion of the offshore sector through which large sums of money transits through Mauritius, sources of which remain confidential to the offshore companies and the open secret being that sometimes, part of these monies go into the black economy, financing drug transactions and poverty and prostitution which are key contributory factors as well to the expansion of the Mauritian dru g market among others. The escalation of drug use became a cause for worry as the main vehicle for substance abuse being through injection, this implied a heightened risk of transmission of blood borne diseases  [30]  among the IDU population and hence a greater number of HIV positive and hepatitis cases amongst others. An altogether new approach was hence adopted to counter this eventuality, known as the harm reduction approach. The harm reduction which consists of needle exchange programs as well as methadone substitution therapy implied a completely different perspective, the core principle being admitting the existence of a substance abuse issue in a community, which often is stubbornly resisted by authorities, hence displaying the huge difficulty in the implementation of this method. Over the years, numerous observations have been made by journalists and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) representatives on the structural changes of the drug situation in Mauritius, the worrying dimensions of the issue of substance abuse and its relations with transmission of blood borne diseases. Harm reduction however, being a relatively new concept in Mauritius dating only back to 2006, remains a rather unexplored path. Hence, the purpose of this dissertation would be to bring focus on Needle Exchange Programs (NEPs) as they are carried out in the Mauritian context. While running through a general overview of the harm reduction approach, the rationale behind it will be examined along with implementation timeline of NEP in Mauritius. Policy aspects will be reviewed and an analysis of the legal backdrop of NEPs in Mauritius will be presented, which will consist of a study salient features of the existing laws and NEPs and eventually the NEP specific framework which is the HIV/AIDS Act 06. NEP in prisons, being a delicate and debatable issue, will be considered and the prospect of such in Mauritian prisons discussed. The dissertation will be concluded by evaluating the Mauritian NEP, and proposing recommendations of possible ways to gear more towards efficiency and best practice with regards to Mauritian laws and needle exchange. Preliminary Chapter: Understanding Harm Reduction The Basic Concept Harm reduction refers to policies, programmes and practices utilised and applied with the objective of diminishing risks associated with the use of drugs by substance abusers  [31]  . Subdivided into needle exchange programs and methadone substitution therapies, harm reduction is viewed as a far-reaching innovative approach to the problem of substance abuse and its related risks. The salient feature of this novel method is the radical shift in focus to the prevention of harm caused by substance abuse, rather than on the prevention of drug use itself. This entails recognising the existence of a substance abuse problem in society which in turn indicates the inability or sometimes even failure of concerned authorities in tackling the drug problem. This approach was often discussed in Mauritius after recognition of the threat of HIV as well as other blood borne diseases which were spreading through injecting drug use. (RSA())  [32]  . Stakeholders including the National AIDS Secretariat  [33]  agreed that harm reduction does not undermine but instead complements approaches seeking to prevent or decrease drug consumption. It is based on the recognition that many people throughout the world continue to use drugs despite the best of efforts to prevent drug use. Rationale Behind Harm Reduction Harm Reduction and Human Rights The harm reduction approach to drugs is based on a strong pledge to public health and human rights. Harm reduction interventions have found support among numerous United Nations (UN)  [34]  human rights mechanisms, specifically in context of HIV prevention and the right to attain the highest achievable standard of health International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights  [35]  Ã‚  (ICESCR) And Harm Reduction. The Committee on the Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights  [36]  (CESCR) has recommended  [37]  many times that States Parties scale up their harm reduction programmes in order to meet their obligations under Article 12  [38]  of the ICESCR. In its Concluding Observations on Ukraine (2007), the Committee stated that it was gravely concerned atà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the limited access by drug users to substitution therapy, and recommended that the state party make drug substitution therapy and other HIV prevention services more accessible for drug users  [39]  . In 2009, the UN Human Rights Council  [40]  adopted a resolution on human rights and HIV/AIDS that unequivocally provided support to harm reduction programs, including needle exchange. The resolution reflected past Commitments  [41]  made at the General Assembly  [42]  in 2001 and again in 2006. In 2010, the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs  [43]  adopted a resolution more than ever, backing the far-reaching package of interventions for HIV prevention treatment and among injecting drug users. Both ECOSOC and the UNAIDS Programme Co-ordinating Board(will be explained in footnote) have also endorsed these interventions. Article 15.1.b ((will be laid out in footnote) guarantees the right of everyone to benefit from scientific progress and its applications. In the context of injecting driven HIV, this implies a right to benefit from evidence based programs that can prevent, treat and control HIV/AIDS and other drug related potential diseases. Harm reduction methods have been backed by extensive scientific evidence base indicative of their effectiveness at reducing injecting-related risks. Research Based Rationale Supply reduction has been used in Mauritius now, since many years and although being an expensive method to combat substance abuse, drug trafficking crimes and substance abuse is still well present in the Mauritian society. 2002, 2003 to 2004 mode of transmission of HIV and blood borne infections steadily shifted from heterosexual activities to injecting drug use.(annexed charts) The 2009 Injecting Drug User HIV surveillance survey was implemented by the AIDS Unit of the Mauritius Ministry of Health and Quality of Life (MOHQL). HIV prevalence is 47.4%. Hepatitis C prevalence is 97.3%. (Results of the survey will be annexed as table) Currently, injecting drug use comprises the bulk of HIV infections in Mauritius. Whereas in 2002 injecting drug use accounted for 14% of all new HIV infections in Mauritius, this percentage increased dramatically to 92% in 2005.  [44]  Although HIV prevalence among Injecting Drug Users appears to have decreased gradually to 73% in 2008, this percentage is still cause for worry. The use of non-sterile needles and syringes and other injecting drug equipment is an extremely efficient mode of HIV transmission and remains a key factor aggravating the HIV epidemic among drug users worldwide. Estimation of population size of IDUs in 2009 has been rounded off at 10000. High-risk injection drug use practices 61.2% of Injecting Drug Users reported injecting two to three times a day and 29.3% reported injecting with a previously used needle in the past month The Implementation of Harm Reduction In Mauritius Harm reduction implemented in Mauritius under two programs: Methadone Substitution Therapy and The Needle Exchange Program Methadone Substitution Therapy (MST) Methadone hydrochloride is an opioid (will be explained in footnote). Methadone is now primarily used today for the treatment of narcotic addiction. Methadones effects can last up to 24 hours, thereby given only once a day in heroin detoxification and maintenance programs for the treatment of people dependent on heroin and other opioids. (sources will be provided in footnote) Methadone is usually available as a liquid and drunk with fruit juice. MST works by reducing cravings and blocking highs from heroin. It does not provide the euphoric rush. The drug user under MST will no longer experience extreme highs and lows that results from the level of heroin in the blood. (source will provided in footnote). Ultimately, the patient remains physically dependent on the opioid, but is freed from the uncontrolled, compulsive, and disruptive behavior seen in heroin addicts. National Detoxification Centre For MST found at Cità © Barkly. Program may be residential (15 days) or day-care. Drug users are induced on methadone under medical supervision and doses consequently adjusted. 16 methadone dispensing points from which drug users, after having gone through initial induction receive their daily doses of methadone. Needle Exchange Program Forms part of harm reduction strategy and is funded by the Government through the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life and partially by international organisations such as the Global Fund. NGOs and Government through Ministry Of Health and Quality of life both carry out NEPs. The program offers a comprehensive package of services which include exchange of used needles, HIV counselling and testing, provision of condoms and alcohol swabs and referrals for rehabilitation services (where requested) as well as other HIV-related services. The Mauritian Needle Exchange Program Implementation of Needle Exchange Program In Mauritius Having recognised injecting drug use as the main vehicle of blood borne transmission, the aim behind carrying out needle exchange programs is to transmission  of HIV  and other  viral  infections  (Hepatitis  B  Ã‚  C)  which travels through contaminated syringes and equipments. NEP protects the IDU, by ensuring provision of safe, clean and sterile injecting equipment, eliminating risk of transmission of HIV and blood borne infections through sharing. NEP protects not only the IDU but also IDUs sexual partner. Needle exchange started in 2006 by two NGOs- Ki Nu à ©tà © and Prevention Information et Lutte contre le Sida (PILS) on two sites Batterie Cassà © and Baie Du Tombeau (source will be cited in footnote) Adoption of HIV/AIDS Act in 2006 which provided legal framework for NEP following which November 2007 saw government through the Ministry of Health And Quality of Life endorse NEP in Mauritius through the official launching of the NEP in Mauritius. A third NGO started NEP on a new site at Tranquebar in November 2007 In 2008, MOHQL called for tenders for new NGOS willing to participate in NEP, with only one response and in February 2008 Idriss Goomany Centre (IGC) started Needle Exchange on a new site in Plaine Verte March 2008 saw some of the non-governmental organisations undertaking needle exchange till date regroup themselves under the aegis of one central organisation Collectif Urgence Toxida (CUT). CUT consists of Ki Nu Età ©, PILS and Rapid IGC joined CUT for a limited time period only. In April 2008 two new sites for needle exchange were put into operation by CUT. May 2008 : official kick off of government run NEP It is worth noting that Mauritius has pioneered government run needle exchange in Sub-Saharan Africa As of date- 35 sites officially operating for Government run NEP and 17 sites for NGOs run NEP Operation of the Mauritian Needle Exchange Program Two principal methods of operation, NGO run NEP and Government Run NEP NGOs: street based needle exchange. Usually, two members of the NGO visit a fixed spot in the locality the site, a certain number times per week (depending on the NGO in question) and have a number of syringes with them and an empty gallon. IDUs come to see them , bringing with them the used syringes which are disposed in the gallon and are given new sterile syringes by the members. IDUs are assigned a code when they visit the sites. It should be noted that this is not for identification purposes of the IDUs but rather for monitoring and reporting purposes (Number of syringes per IDUs, number of IDUs visiting each sitesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Disposal of the needles is made after closure of sites for the day, by dropping them off at regional hospitals, where they are burnt in the incinerators. MOHQL: Mobile NEP through two operational caravans. Two authorised health care assistants and one qualified nurse per caravan (identified by Ministry issed identification cards). Each caravan visit three sites daily, spending an average of one hour and a half to two hours on each site. Work in collaboration with peer leaders amongst IDUs who help facilitate smooth interacting between IDU crowds and the government staff. The Needle Exchange Program in Mauritius and Other Policy Measures Needle Exchange And Demand Reduction: Demand reduction, focuses on detoxification and management of withdrawal syndromes with the aim of long term abstinence. However, the results yielded are not the expected ones as detoxification succeeds in removing people from the drug scene in the short term but the relapse rates usually approach 100 per cent (Fact Sheet Supply Demand And Harm Reduction, Burnet Institute Centre For Harm Reduction). Needle Exchange And Methadone Substitution Therapy Contrasting costs of providing needle and costs of providing methadone Return rate of syringes; and treatment follow-up statistics and relapse rates for MST Efficiency of both harm reducting programs in the sense that they would still cost less even than provision of antiretroviral treatment to an HIV positive person (provision of non-generic anti-retroviral may approximate $15000) The Needle Exchange Program and Its Framework In Mauritius Adoption of the HIV/AIDS Act 2006 Needle exchange was carried out by NGOs even before the HIV/AIDS Act came into effect. As such, they faced a legal impediment in the sense that the practice of needle exchange was inconsistent with the provisions of existing laws which is the Dangerous Drugs Act at its section 34(c) which made possession of injecting equipment and drug paraphernalia a criminal offence. Following several committees of various stakeholders including the MOHQL itself, police officers, specially members of the ADSU and NGOs , it was agreed that there was a need for a framework to regulate the situation of NEPs. HIV/AIDS Act 2006 was then adopted in 2006 with general consensus by members of parliaments (comments of few members from Hansard will be included here and lengthier works will be attached) and came into effect in August 2007. Aims of HIV/AIDS Act 06 according to the act itself is to provide for measures for the prevention and containment of HIV and AIDS Analysis of this aim was a framework really required to provide for prevention measures which are done principally through education, information and sensitization, and containment which is already handled through supply-side reduction. This tends to lead to the conclusion that the true motive behind the HIV/AIDS Act was to provide a legal framework for the NEP Possession of Syringes and Needles and the HIV/AIDS Act 06 Article 2 of the International Convenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights also requires legislative reform in order to create a legal and policy environment conducive to the scale up of these services and the removal of barriers to access and coverage to improve accessibility. Hence in line with this, Section 16 of the HIV/AIDS Act deals with the Possession of syringes and needles in the context of NEP. It in fact through very explicit terms decriminalizes its possession in the circumstance of the NEP. This was crucial because : possession of a used needle and syringe may be used as circumstantial evidence to lay other drug-related charges. For this reason some clients may be reluctant to return used equipment to NEP site. fear of being arrested while in possession of drugs and/or injection equipment can lead IDUs to rush injections, skip safer injection techniques (e.g., hand and skin cleaning) and to feel so anxious that they cannot inject with accuracy. All of these consequences can increase the risk of injection-related problems such as infections and skin and soft-tissue damage However Section 34 (c) has still not yet been repealed. Questionned by NGOs as to whether this is a best practice. Needle Exchange: Health and Safety Under the HIV/AIDS Act 06 Handling of used syringes by personnel involved under the NEP compliance with Occupational Health and Safety Act Applicable only for Govt. Run NEPs Section 10 Risk Assessment By Employment (Will be showed in footnote) Is this carried out? Section 35 Cleanliness (Will be showed in footnote) Analysis of whether the caravans meet up with these requirements Section 37 Ventilation and Temperature (Will be showed in footnote) Analysis of whether the caravans meet up with these requirements Section 39 Sanitary Conveniences (Will be showed in footnote) Analysis of whether the caravans meet up with these requirements Section 40 Supply of drinking water (Will be showed in footnote) Analysis of whether the caravans meet up with these requirements Section 41 Washing Facilities (Will be showed in footnote)

Hotel Management: Quality, Speed, Dependability, Flexibility, and Cost Essay

(a) make sure that the way he manages the hotel is appropriate to the way it competes for business; 1. Training and development of staff 2. Planning & Staffing 3. Marketing & Service innovations 4. Operations and management improvement 5. Welfare and motivation to employees (b) implement any change in strategy; (10 marks) (c) develop his operation so that it drives the long-term strategy of the hotel. (10 marks) 2. What questions might Wernie ask to judge whether his operation is a Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, or Stage 4 operations on Hayes and Wheelwright’s scale of excellence? (20 marks) 3. The case describes how quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost impact on the hotel’s external customers. Explain how each of these performance objectives might have internal benefits. (50 marks) Speed Speed means do thing fast. Speed means fast response to requirements of external customers or new conditions, speedy decision making and speedy movement of materials and information inside the operation. It’s benefit are: 1. Speed reduces inventories – reducing i inventories mean increasing the utilization of rooms and restaurant, that fast cleaning and preparing the available rooms and dinner tables for external customers adds revenue for organization, and improving the efficient of working. 2. Speed adds flexibility – fast response adds the capability for operations to the flexibility dealing with urgent things. 3. Speed adds dependability – fast delivering for the latest information among other department of operations, such as the newest customer entrance information, available room information, adds the dependability for each internal operation’s coordination and communication. Dependability Dependability means do things on time. Dependability means well management and coordination with each operation ensuring other process. are reliable, such as delivering right material or information on time, correct foreseeing and planning the facilities, reorder and workforce. It leads to more effective operation. It effectively arranging the facilities, information, material, workforce, money and time to ensure all of them can be available at any time, saves the time to wait or to look for the other substitutes. Dependability arrangement reduces the chance of repeating input resources or some resources leaving unused increasing the cost of maintain or store fee, or labor cost. Flexibility Flexibility means change what you do. It means according different requirements or things to fast handle with, making change or decisions , flexibility arranging and coordinating operations’ work. 1. Flexibility saves resources – can prevent unnecessarily repeating planning, spending, and using resources such as time, money, workforce, to follow the traditional ways to do things done. 2. Flexibility increase speed of response – being able to give fast service for customers depends on the operation being flexible. Flexible operations speedily transfer extra skilled staff and equipment to the urgent conditions and emergencies will provide the service with other customer’s needs. Quality Quality means ‘doing things right’. For Mutiara, quality means consistently producing impeccable services, using top-class and durable materials to create the right impression and environment, and anticipating and preventing all potential problems in advance. It is benefit to make life easier inside the operation. 1. Good quality leads to stable and efficient processes that less mistake, easy for coordination for matching the standard of processes, dependable and advance equipments and tools to use adds dependability for internal customer. 2. It reduces cost for Mutiara due to it is fewer the chance to make mistakes. Redoing or correcting mistakes, or to reducing confusion or irritation for each people; second, it also reduces the labor cost. Dispelling some serious troubles or problem always needs more staff or more time to do it, thus, it results in the labor cost added, such as part-time salary, overtime compensation. The more minimizing mistakes, the more minimize the excess labor costs to pay for doing excess works; third, less mistake and using top-class and durable materials also result in saving expenditures such as maintaining fee, cost of materials resulted by mistakes, transporting fees, and other excess expenditures.